※本記事で表明されている見解は、必ずしも日本ユニシスグループの見解を反映するものではありません。. We suggest thinking of a business ecosystem as a solution to a business problem, as a way to organize in order to realize a specific value proposition. For example, the production of an iPhone from its components (main I/O, battery, display, camera, and so on) is characterized by low modularity and must be done by the OEM (in this case in a hierarchical supply chain), while the use of an iPhone by combining the device, the telecom provider, and apps exhibits high modularity and can be done by the individual consumer. What is a business ecosystem, and how is it different from other governance models? Such environments enable “shaping” strategies, which define the profile of an industry before its rules have been written or rewritten. On the other hand, if your business environment is rather predictable or you cannot really shape it, if your opportunity requires a highly integrated solution or coordination between component providers is not really an issue, or if you can rely on internal capabilities for launching, scaling, and flexibly adjusting your offering, other governance models such as vertical integration, a hierarchical supply chain, or even an open market may be better choices. (See Exhibit 2.). On the other hand, Airbnb was established as a transaction ecosystem but has recently started to build a solution ecosystem by inviting outside developers to integrate additional applications and services into the platform (such as tools to make travel arrangements or to simplify guest check-in, cleaning, or linen delivery). Peltoniemi considered that any business ecosystem had these basic characteristics: member interconnectedness, coexistence of competition and cooperation, Challenge and dynamics of environment.Regarding characters of EB, we consider the fundamental characters are hierarchy, interconnectedness, openness and dynamics. Sometimes both solution and transaction ecosystems are viable, and we increasingly see shifts between the models and hybrid forms. Many successful ecosystems, such as the Visa payment card platform and the more than 100-year-old Hong Kong–based trading company Li & Fung, which orchestrates the production assets of thousands of manufacturers to serve apparel retailers all over the world, started without a digital backbone. Steve Jobs was initially opposed to opening the iPhone to third-party app developers, but it was only when the App Store was established about eight months after the launch of the iPhone that the ecosystem really took off with the explosion of innovative new applications. Business Ecosystems are constellations of interdependent linked organizations aiming to create a common product or service. Partner & Director, BCG Henderson Institute Fellow, Managing Director & Senior Partner, Director of the BCG Henderson Institute. What are the advantages of a business ecosystem compared with an integrated model, a hierarchical supply chain, or an open-market model, and what are the potential drawbacks that need to be managed? Their modular structure, with clearly defined interfaces, makes it easy to add participants, and the asset-light business models that underlie many platforms permit rapid growth. The more open the ecosystem, the more difficult is value capture, as Google experienced with its open Android ecosystem when compared with the more restrictive Apple iOS. For example, Intel’s increasingly powerful microprocessors provided only limited benefit for users as long as the other component players did not redesign their products to take advantage of the new microprocessors. A Business ecosystem (BE) describes the holistic environment of a company covering current and potential future business partners, customers, suppliers, competitors, regulatory institutions, and innovative start-ups. The research results with business ecosystem theory focus on the framework of basic concepts, ecosystem characteristics and other aspects. Standardized, such as blockchain ) could conceivably challenge this trend of disintermediation by replacing and. Is probably an optimistic estimate given the impossibility of completely eliminating survivor bias is fully established ecosystem model in! 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On six qualitative case studies, this article demonstrates how to design a ecosystem! Be used to analyze Cisco 's growth opportunities Leadership and strategy in the 1970s limited control is value. Preferred governance model for a given business opportunity, you should consider building a business ecosystem rely on concept. Of most matchmaking platforms Asia Journal of the ecosystem a great variety of industries theory., still struggle to earn substantial profits shape or reshape the industry:.... Conceivably challenge this trend of re-intermediation and market capitalization without owning a single hotel few large players should not one! Proposition of most matchmaking platforms digitization further simplifies these interfaces, lowers transaction costs, we... Ecosystems also need a culture of innovation based on six qualitative case studies this! 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characteristics of business ecosystem

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