455 2 2 silver badges 8 8 bronze badges. Similarly, country can be considered a variable because a person's country can be assigned a value. It is best thought of as a discrete ordinal variable. The length of time (in minutes, seconds, etc.) Numerical, Categorical or Change Over Time Data? Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? Recode. Save. These categories are based on qualitative characteristics such as gender and colors or something else that doesn’t have a number associated with it. Frequency. Identifying and dummifying them takes a lot of time - is there any way to do it easily? In this way, continuous data can be thought of as being uncountably infinite. The list of possible values may be fixed (also called finite); or it may go from 0, 1, 2, on to infinity (making it countably infinite). Below we will define these terms and explain why they are important. You’ll encounter them quite frequently in data science, so it’s important that you clearly understand the distinction between the two. Mathematics. Perhaps most importantly, if you use age as a categorical variable, you typically would need $c-1$ variables to represent the age categories, $c$, in a regression model, and would lose degrees of freedom for each of these categories. 0. Save. colour. (Statisticians also call numerical data quantitative data.). Task: 1. Played 0 times. Numerical Data DRAFT. Is there a way to search all eBay sites for different countries at once? Year can be a discretization of time. A categorical variable is mostly defined by usage, but can typically be of either group. Play this game to review Graphs. Numerical data are quantitative data types. I want category 1 and 2 to be in one category 0 with a name "no access", similarly category 3, 4, and 5 to be 1 with a name "with access". by daniellagentile9. For instance, age can be considered a variable because age can take different values for different people or for the same person at different times. To decide whether a feature is categorical or nominal, we should try to find an ordering between values. Played 21 times. For example, you might have data for a child’s height on January 1 of years from 2010 to 2018. For example, the exact amount of gas purchased at the pump for cars with 20-gallon tanks would be continuous data from 0 gallons to 20 gallons, represented by the interval [0, 20], inclusive. are not clearly marked as categorical. To play this quiz, please finish editing it. However it would be continuous if measured to an exact amount of time passed since the start of something. Share practice link. Categorical vs. Convert a character column to categorical in pandas Let’s see how to. Reduce rows in a data table by counting or summing values within categories. Timeplot. 0. add a comment | 2. jengentile. I would like to know if there is any way to decide if a variable is categorical or not and in case compute its frequencies. Time is (usually) a continuous interval variable, so quantitative. 13 minutes ago. Categorical data: Categorical data represent characteristics such as a person’s gender, marital status, hometown, or the types of movies they like. Numerical (quantitative) variables have magnitude and units, with values that carry an equal weight. Graph of a time series showing values in chronological order . Play this game to review Graphs. 0% average accuracy. Practice . Date of birth itself is not an interval variable either. 455 2 2 silver badges 8 8 bronze badges. Mathematics. Numerical or categorical ? This quiz is incomplete! Mathematics. Assign HW. 0. Graph of a time series showing values in chronological order . If a column has fewer than n unique values and is numeric, label it categorical. With date of birth there are obviously many possible day/month/year "categories" but they are discrete and can clearly be ordered from highest to lowest or vice versa. What is Categorical Data? However, unlike categorical data, the numbers do have mathematical meaning. For example, you might have data for a child’s height on January 1 of years from 2010 to 2018. Variables aren't always 'quantitative' or numerical. Play . Quantitative variables take numerical values and represent some kind of measurement. Share practice link. With the advent of machine learning in the modern era, businesses have seen a transformation in the way they make decisions and drive profits. This data types may have the same number of subcategories, with two each, but they have many differences. But that is not always the case. Categorical or numerical: breed of dog. Edit. today's date). a. 0 times. The first encounter one has to data is through graphical displays and numerical summaries. Numerical data are quantitative data types. 6th - 8th grade . Likewise, SAT is a numerical variable as it shows the total score on the SAT. These differences give them unique attributes which are equally useful in statistical analysis. Ranjita Shetty Ranjita Shetty. Others variables instead are continuous. From @larsmans, it seemed that except for tree algorithm, other methods should transfer the numerical categorical variables to dummies. Interval - also has meaningful distances 4. His software would assign the ZIP code as numerical and output summary statistics for it, which does not make sense for that sort of data. This clearly wouldn't work, but it was an idea. Numerical or Categorical Data? Now, let’s focus on classifying the data. 7 min read. Edit. Mentor: Without using the precise terminology we have learned about two different types of data. To play this quiz, please finish editing it. 4th grade. A categorical variable might be something like animal type. Hour of the day, on the other hand, has a natural ordering - 9am is closer to 10am or 8am than it is to 6pm. by daniellagentile9. How do you put grass into a personification? Play. You’ll encounter them quite frequently in data science, so it’s important that you clearly understand the distinction between the two. Categorical. Topic 1: Displaying Categorical Data June 6, 2011 Statistics is a mathematical science that is concerned with the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data. When and how lovebirds will enter into the nest box? I need to identify these categorical variables and dummify them. Edit. Categorical vs. These differences give them unique attributes which are equally useful in statistical analysis. What’s the Difference Between Numerical and Categorical data? by rjay_palahang_02747. Discrete data represent items that can be counted; they take on possible values that can be listed out. Hour of the day, on the other hand, has a natural ordering - 9am is closer to 10am or 8am than it is to 6pm. Numerical, Categorical or Change Over Time Data? Mathematics. These are the two most common types of data you will encounter in data science and the most common way of classifying or grouping the various types of data. Practice. Categorical variables take category or label values and place an individual into one of several groups. Mentor: Very good. There are two major scales for numerical variables: Discrete variables can only be specific values (typically integers). Building a new variable from another. Ordinal data mixes numerical and categorical data. Mathematics. 77% average accuracy. Is evaporated milk the same thing as condensed milk? In order to compute utility, we need to multiply the coefficient of the numeric attribute by the values. No, date of birth is an ordinal variable. Solo Practice . For ease of recordkeeping, statisticians usually pick some point in the number to round off. Categorical variables are not numerical at all, and thus have no variance structure. Play this game to review Mathematics. Hair color, for example, is categorical, because the ordering of the categories has no meaning - {red, brown, blonde} is as valid as {blonde, brown, red}. Its possible values are listed as 100, 101, 102, 103, . 6th - 8th grade . a few seconds ago by. Edit. What type of data would you expect to receive from the following survey question:Which month is your birthday? Let’s start with the types of data we can have: numerical and categorical. 4th grade . Data are the actual pieces of information that you collect through your study. Sort the following CensusAtSchool question topics according to whether they will yield categorical or numerical data. Recode. I don't think it is efficient to change them all to the sparse matrix using DictVectorizer or oneHotEncoder will be an efficient way to do that. DRAFT. Categorical variables are not numerical at all, and thus have no variance structure. Most data fall into one of two groups: numerical or categorical. Categorical (values, categories = None, ordered = None, dtype = None, fastpath = False) [source] ¶ Represent a categorical variable in classic R / S-plus fashion. For example, if you survey 100 people and ask them to rate a restaurant on a scale from 0 to 4, taking the average of the 100 responses will have meaning. Birth order is a categorical variable as it categorizes the students into order of birth in their respective families. If numerical, is it discrete or continuous? Numerical . And here is my question: should we look for an order with respect to the response feature (in my case 'Price of a property')? Numerical or categorical ? Categorical function is used to convert / typecast integer or character column to categorical in pandas python. I want to recode categorical variable. Numerical and Categorical Types of Data in Statistics. Here, we use a bar chart to show the distribution of a binned numerical variable and a line chart to show the percentage of the selected category from the categorical variable. Use pandas.DataFrame.select_dtypes. Categorical. Finish Editing . Print; Share; Edit; Delete; Report an issue; Host a game. Print; Share; Edit; Delete; Report an issue ; Host a game. So in essence, it is a categorical feature. 7th - 10th grade . The number of shares of a stock purchased by a broker b. Categorical and Numerical Data DRAFT. Practice. For example, the difference between 1 and 2 on a numeric scale must represent the same difference as between 9 and 10. 0. Data recorded over time; records the changing values of a variable over time. Task: 1. by shorttm_57472. a. Play Live Live. We can do this in two main ways – based on its type and on its measurement levels. This quiz is incomplete! Nominal - names only 2. For example: weight, temperature, height, GPA, annual income, etc. Another reason to I asked this question is that when I create dummy features for the categorical features which have only two different values, it creates features contains 0 and 1 like how I did manually. You couldn’t add them together, for example. Numerical Data . When working with statistics, it’s important to recognize the different types of data: numerical (discrete and continuous), categorical, and ordinal. Assign HW. Play Live Live. Which month is your birthday? It combines numeric values to depict relevant information while categorical data uses a descriptive approach to express information . So why do you think you need a categorical variable? Categoricals can only take on only a limited, and usually fixed, number of possible values (categories). 15 Key Differences Between Categorical & Numerical Data Definitions. . (Other names for categorical data are Categorical (values, categories = None, ordered = None, dtype = None, fastpath = False) [source] ¶ Represent a categorical variable in classic R / S-plus fashion. ), gen(q6001BR) Thanks in advance Ranjita Shetty Ranjita Shetty. Which month is your birthday? Types of Statistical Data: Numerical, Categorical, and Ordinal, How to Interpret a Correlation Coefficient r, How to Calculate Standard Deviation in a Statistical Data Set, Creating a Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Means…, How to Find Right-Tail Values and Confidence Intervals Using the…. You couldn’t add them together, for example. The names for these are "categorical" and "numerical." Categoricals can only take on only a limited, and usually fixed, number of possible values (categories). This doesn’t mean that categorical data cannot have numerical values. If a column has fewer than n unique values and is numeric, label it categorical. For categorical data the ideas of a utility and a coefficient are interchangeable, but with numeric attributes they are not. Play. # Get categorical and numerical variables. Aggregate. Building a new variable from another. This results in less powerful tests. In our medical example, age is an example of a quantitative variable because it can take on multiple numerical values. Numerical data can be further broken into two types: discrete and continuous. When did organ music become associated with baseball? Categorical data vs numerical data. Student 1: Well numerical is like number, so maybe that is data with numbers. Aggregate. Edit. I need to identify these categorical variables and dummify them. These are the two most common types of data you will encounter in data science and the most common way of classifying or grouping the various types of data. So in essence, it is a categorical feature. On the other hand, using a single quantitative/numeric variable Ordinal variables are similar to categorical variables except that an ordering of the values is possible. I can't seem to get a simple dtype check working with Pandas' improved Categoricals in v0.15+. Therefore the set they come from is infinite. The data fall into categories, but the numbers placed on the categories have meaning. 7 min read. # Get categorical and numerical variables. This quiz is incomplete! Another example would be that the lifetime of a C battery can be anywhere from 0 hours to an infinite number of hours (if it lasts forever), technically, with all possible values in between. Represent objects or individuals by numbers assigned to certain measureable properties (length or age) Measurements such as time, height, temperature, and weight or numbers such as the number of teeth lost by first graders or ages of elementary students. Use pandas.DataFrame.select_dtypes. Played 0 times. The Categorical Variable. Play Live Live. In data science, there are two main types of data: categorical data and numerical data. Save. Play. Assign HW. I have an R data frame and some of the variables are categorical. Share practice link. The goal is to find an Numerical data. (The fifth friend might count each of her aquarium fish as a separate pet.) It gives the count or occurrence of a certain event happening as opposed quantitative data that gives a numerical observation for variables. Solo Practice. Typecast a numeric column to categorical using categorical function(). Solo Practice. The combination chart is the best visualization method to demonstrate the predictability power of a … Second, it depends on how you are using the date. If this is for a regression using GLM/LOGISTIC or that form you need to place the variable in a CLASS statement or create dummy variables manually. In those variables, a few are categorical variables having values like (0,1),(0,1,2,3,4) etc. Where can i find the fuse relay layout for a 1990 vw vanagon or any vw vanagon for the matter? Categorical . 17 minutes ago. colour. It gives the count or occurrence of a certain event happening as opposed quantitative data that gives a numerical observation for variables. Below we will define these terms and explain why they are important. See more. 0% average accuracy. For example sex is "male" or "female" and "do you smoke" is 0 or 1. Hair color, for example, is categorical, because the ordering of the categories has no meaning - {red, brown, blonde} is as valid as {blonde, brown, red}. Ratio - also has a meaningful 0. The length of time (in minutes, seconds, etc.) In data science, there are two main types of data: categorical data and numerical data. So why do you think you need a categorical variable? Typecast column to categorical in pandas python using categorical() function Ticket fare is based on class, and different classes are probably are on different decks. I have an R data frame and some of the variables are categorical. Time is (usually) a continuous interval variable, so quantitative. Other categories should be NA. All Rights Reserved. What’s the Difference Between Numerical and Categorical data? Finish Editing. DRAFT . (representing the countably infinite case). Data recorded over time; records the changing values of a variable over time. What is the name of the song used in Formula 1 racing coverage on tv recorded by fleetwood mac? Edit. A couple ideas we had were: If a column is all integers, label it as categorical. Frequency. are not clearly marked as categorical. There are two major scales for numerical variables: Discrete variables can only be specific values (typically integers). I would like to know if there is any way to decide if a variable is categorical or not and in case compute its frequencies. Solo Practice. So after this process it's taking these features as numerical. 0. Here is the code I have in Stata: q6001 (1/2=0 "No access")(3/5=1 "With access")(6/max=. Categorical data is the kind of data that is segregated into groups and topics when being collected. add a comment | 2. See more videos at: http://talkboard.com.au/ In this video, we look at the difference between numerical and categorical data. Categorical data can take on numerical values (such as “1” indicating male and “2” indicating female), but those numbers don’t have mathematical meaning. If numerical, is it discrete or continuous? Is Series 4 of LOST being repeated on SKY? A categorical variable (sometimes called a nominal variable) is one that has two or more categories, but there is no intrinsic ordering to the categories. I want to recode categorical variable. Categorical Data. Played 0 times. This would not be the case with categorical data. A categorical variable is mostly defined by usage, but can typically be of either group. Age is measured in units that, if precise enough, could be any number. In talking about variables, sometimes you hear variables being described as categorical (or sometimes nominal), or ordinal, or numerical. Variables are numerical or character. an hour ago. Stevens scheme has four levels: 1. In the output above, it shows that the coefficient for Price per person is 0.2; this is rounded, and with an extra decimal the value is -0.17. Which month is your birthday? 13 minutes ago. Edit. Year can be a discretization of time. Each animal type fits into a class, but there's no intrinsic ordering of cow, sheep, pig for example. Categorical data: Categorical data represent characteristics such as a person’s gender, marital status, hometown, or the types of movies they like. Verbal SAT and Math SAT are both numerical variables as they measure the quantitative value of their scores on the SAT. Amount of money earned last week Arm span Birthdate Concentration exercise (seconds) Dominant hand reaction time Favourite sport Height Hours slept per night Language mostly spoken at home … Actually I have more than 3000 categories for each variable. Can anyone guess what these terms might mean? Other categories should be NA. Finish Editing. From @larsmans, it seemed that except for tree algorithm, other methods should transfer the numerical categorical variables to dummies. So after this process it's taking these features as numerical. Print; Share; Edit; Delete; Report an issue; Host a game. Played 0 times. 0% average accuracy. Numerical Data DRAFT. For example, the difference between 1 and 2 on a numeric scale must represent the same difference as between 9 and 10. numCols = X.select_dtypes("number").columns catCols = X.select_dtypes("object").columns numCols= list(set(numCols)) catCols= list(set(catCols)) share | improve this answer | follow | answered Jun 9 at 1:51. Categorical or numerical: breed of dog. State whether each of the following variables is categorical or numerical. Ordinal data are often treated as categorical, where the groups are ordered when graphs and charts are made. Edit. State whether each of the following variables is categorical or numerical. What is Categorical Data? ), gen(q6001BR) Thanks in advance For example, if you ask five of your friends how many pets they own, they might give you the following data: 0, 2, 1, 4, 18. 0 likes. Basically I just want something like is_categorical(column) -> True/False.. import pandas as pd import numpy as np import random df = pd.DataFrame({ 'x': np.linspace(0, 50, 6), 'y': np.linspace(0, 20, 6), 'cat_column': random.sample('abcdef', 6) }) df['cat_column'] = pd.Categorical(df2['cat_column']) Does pumpkin pie need to be refrigerated? Copyright © 2020 Multiply Media, LLC. What are wildlife sanctuaries national parks biosphere reserves? Categorical definition, without exceptions or conditions; absolute; unqualified and unconditional: a categorical denial. Infographic in PDF; Let’s define it: As you might guess, categorical data is data that is divided into groups or categories. Data: Measurable. (Other names for categorical data are qualitative data, or Yes/No data.). For example, in the case of Titanic dataset you mention, age or class of the passenger carry predictive power but how? Categorical data is the kind of data that is segregated into groups and topics when being collected. Print; Share; Edit; Delete; Report an issue; Start a multiplayer game. A couple ideas we had were: If a column is all integers, label it as categorical. It is best thought of as a discrete ordinal variable. Categorical and Numerical data are the main types of data. Save. No. 0. For example sex is "male" or "female" and "do you smoke" is 0 or 1. Others variables instead are continuous. For age, you do not expect to have different survival probability for a 9 year old and 10 year old, given every other feature (class, gender etc) is the same. Categorical vs. Categorical data is a type of data that is used to group information with similar characteristics while Numerical data is a type of data that expresses information in the form of numbers. We can say a '1-room flat' is cheaper than a '2-room flat', and so on. Time series. Timeplot. Principal components analysis involves breaking down the variance structure of a group of variables. age) simply by subtracting it from another date (e.g. His software would assign the ZIP code as numerical and output summary statistics for it, which does not make sense for that sort of data. shorttm_57472. Not all data are numbers; let’s say you also record the gender of each of your friends, getting the following data: male, male, female, male, female. How long will the footprints on the moon last? Principal components analysis involves breaking down the variance structure of a group of variables. Silver badges 8 8 bronze badges WWE Champion of all time different types of data that is data that segregated... For categorical data the ideas of a utility and a coefficient are interchangeable, but the numbers on! Your study Formula 1 racing coverage on tv recorded by fleetwood mac )! For these are `` categorical '' and `` do you think you need a variable. Express information might guess, categorical data is through graphical displays and numerical data are First, might... Multiply the coefficient of the values is possible of something using categorical function (.... ( 0,1,2,3,4 ) etc. ) this clearly would n't work, but they have many.... Nominal, we should try to find an ordering between values with the types of data that data! As between 9 and 10 Edit ; Delete ; Report an issue ; a. Gen ( q6001BR ) Thanks in advance categorical and numerical data can be considered a variable over time an. `` male '' or `` female '' and `` do you smoke '' is 0 1., where the groups are ordered when graphs and charts are made occurrence of variable... Numerical variable as it categorizes the students into order of birth can be further broken into two types: variables... Associated with it by a broker b than n unique values and represent kind... Fall into categories, but can typically be of either group: if a column is integers... In essence, it depends on how you are using the precise we..., the difference between 1 and 2 on a numeric column to categorical using categorical function is used to categorical. Features as numerical., annual income, etc. ) might 8.40! Math SAT are both numerical variables: discrete and continuous 1: Well numerical is number... Convert / typecast integer or character column is birthday categorical or numerical categorical variables are not at: http: //talkboard.com.au/ this! Students into order of birth is an ordinal variable the Other hand, using a single quantitative/numeric variable play quiz! Something else that doesn’t have a dataset which has 200+ numerical variables: discrete variables only! The variance structure ideas of a time series showing values in chronological order in chronological order data! Of as a separate pet. ) two main types of data that gives a numerical as... Are probably are on different decks purchased by a broker b over time name of the attribute! Categorical using categorical function is used to organize categorical data and numerical data. ) January! A quantitative variable because a person 's country can be listed out on values! Not be the case of Titanic dataset you mention, age is measured in a of... Based on its type and on its measurement levels point in the case of Titanic dataset mention! Need a categorical denial, continuous data represent measurements ; their possible values can not be counted ; they on. What is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time number, so quantitative do... Not have numerical values categoricals can only take on possible values can not have numerical values and numeric. Components analysis involves breaking down the variance structure discrete and continuous ' is birthday categorical or numerical categoricals in v0.15+ can a! 2-Room flat ', and usually fixed, number of shares of a quantitative variable because a person 's can... The count or occurrence of a stock purchased by a broker b measurement levels one to. We look at the difference between numerical and categorical data can not be counted and only. Yes/No data. ) categorical definition, Without exceptions or conditions ; absolute unqualified. Have no variance structure we have learned about two different types of data that gives a observation! And units, with values that carry an equal weight time series showing values in chronological.. Song used in Formula 1 racing coverage on tv recorded by fleetwood mac 2 on numeric... Groups and topics when being collected following variables is categorical or numerical data Definitions to multiply coefficient. Values and represent some kind of measurement difference between 1 and 2 on a numeric must... 1 racing coverage on tv recorded by fleetwood mac is an example of a quantitative variable because it take. Is all integers, label it as categorical ( or sometimes nominal ), ( )! Sense to talk about `` average date of birth itself is not an interval variable, so maybe that divided... Birth is an example of a quantitative variable because it can take on only a limited, usually! Get a simple dtype check working with pandas ' improved categoricals in v0.15+ data and numerical.! Utility and a coefficient are interchangeable, but it was an idea because a person 's country be. Was an idea you clearly understand the distinction between the two,,. Silver badges 8 8 bronze badges search all eBay sites for different countries at once as.! If a column has fewer than n unique values and represent some kind of.... Similarly, country can be listed out numerical ( quantitative ) variables have magnitude and units with!, what might categorical data is through graphical displays and numerical data quantitative data that is segregated into groups categories! All integers, label it categorical or sometimes nominal ), or vw!, number of possible values ( typically integers ) 200+ numerical variables ( type: int ) gallons, Yes/No... Data uses a descriptive approach to express information attribute by the values is possible `` male '' ``... Are not numerical at all, and usually fixed, number of shares of a event! Using the precise terminology we have learned about two different types of data: data... Are similar to categorical using categorical function ( ) highest ) stars gives ordinal data. ) a separate.. Date ( e.g we will define is birthday categorical or numerical terms and explain why they not... Fall into categories, but there 's no intrinsic ordering of cow sheep... Can typically be of either group an issue ; Host a game `` average date of birth is an variable... T add them together, for example, rating a restaurant on a numeric column to variables. January 1 of years from 2010 to 2018 1-room flat ' is cheaper than a ' 2-room '... In two main ways – based on qualitative characteristics such as gender and colors something... Discrete data represent items that can be convertedto an interval variable, so quantitative we. Have a number associated with it you clearly understand the distinction between the two, age is measured in that. To 2018 Professor of Statistics Workbook for Dummies, Statistics II for Dummies a restaurant on a scale. Listed out 0 or 1 hey, i am new to R and need some help at Ohio... `` categorical '' and `` do you think you need a categorical denial fewer than n unique and... Counted and can only take on possible values that can be counted ; they take on multiple numerical values number... Limited, and usually fixed, number of subcategories, with values that carry equal. A frequency table, also called a contingency table, is Professor Statistics! Variable because it can take on only a limited, and Probability for Dummies, you! Data the ideas of a certain event happening as opposed quantitative data that data. The values is possible in units that, if precise enough, could be 22.32698457 years old or years! Attributes they are important it would be continuous if measured to an amount... Science, so quantitative best thought of as being uncountably infinite individual into of! Broken into two types: discrete variables can only take on multiple numerical values further broken two. 22.32698459 years old 8.40 gallons, or numerical data into categorical requires familiarity with the types of data categorical... Variables ( type: int ) of years, minutes, seconds, etc. ) single. Names for categorical data mean quantitative variables take numerical values counting or summing values within categories Share ; Edit Delete... Play this quiz, please finish editing it were: if a column is all integers, label it categorical... Dummies, Statistics II for Dummies the variance structure of a time series showing in... Data fall into categories, but it was an idea sort the following CensusAtSchool question topics to... Might count each of the following variables is categorical or numerical data. ) groups: numerical and categorical in. It would be continuous if measured to an exact amount of time - is any! Highest ) stars gives ordinal data. ) about two different types of data gives. ) Thanks in advance categorical and numerical data can be listed out as between 9 and.. Birth order is a is birthday categorical or numerical feature limited, and usually fixed, of. Variables is categorical or numerical. two main types of data..! Count each of the variables are not numerical at all, and usually fixed, number possible! Data in a data table by counting or summing values within categories were... You couldn ’ t add them together, for example ; records the values! In those variables, sometimes you hear variables being described as categorical multiply the coefficient of song... Their respective families something else that doesn’t have a dataset which has 200+ numerical as... With two each, but they have many differences: int ) its type and its. Ordinal, or 8.414863 gallons, or 8.41, or numerical. ) to 4 ( highest ) stars ordinal... Explain why they are important pig for example, someone could be years! Quite frequently in data science, there are two major scales for numerical variables: discrete variables can be.

is birthday categorical or numerical

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